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Long Term Care Commentary — Alberta

Tuesday, October 6th, 2009

Long Term Care Commentary — Alberta

Not very many people are happy with Alberta Health Minister Ron Liepert and Premier Ed Stelmach. Together, the two have concocted a plan to cut more than 200 acute mental care beds in hospitals and other institutions. Some of these beds are currently home to mental health patients, while others provide long term care to seniors with dementia, such as those living with Alzheimer’s disease.

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Caregiver Issues: Elder Care and the Workplace, Calgary Alberta

Tuesday, October 6th, 2009

Caregiver Issues: Elder Care and the Workplace

As Canadians age, more and more work-aged adults are finding themselves juggling their work obligations with family obligations related to caring for elderly relatives and loved ones. Eighty percent of the elder care in Canada is provided by family members, and about 60% of caregivers are women – women who often have children of their own still living at home, and are balancing motherhood with careers and caring for an older parent, parent-in-law, or other elderly relative. How are businesses responding to the new family obligations affecting their workforce? Here’s a look at how the balance between elder care and work is unfolding in Canada.

Canadian Aging Research Network (CARNET) (more…)

Elder Care in Newfoundland and Labrador

Monday, September 28th, 2009

When it comes to elder care in Canada, Newfoundland is one of the more difficult places to be. A nurse from a long term care facility in St. John’s, NL, pointed out in an interview with People’s Response that her own nursing home has had to hire home health care workers rather than LPNs (certified nurses) because graduates of nursing school in Newfoundland tend to move to richer provinces in Canada. Just shifting the wages up to make them on par with the rest of Canada, begs the nurse, would help her own facility to find qualified personnel and keep them.

The Quality of Health Care and Elder Care in Rural Newfoundland

Meanwhile, CBC News reports that the Society of Rural Physicians in Newfoundland and Labrador has criticized the governments there for cutting medical services in small communities. The physicians claim these health cuts could cost lives.

As usual, those most vulnerable to these sorts of cuts are the elderly. By moving x-ray equipment out of small towns, doctors trying to care for elders will waste precious time trying to access diagnostic equipment. So far, x-ray departments have been closed in Lewisporte and Flower’s Cove; more closures are anticipated, including in Springdale. Not only have the x-ray departments been closed, the clinic hours have also been cut from 24 hours per day to 12 hours per day – another move that residents worry could endanger care for their elders.

Health Minister Paul Oram advised residents to put the cuts into perspective; the spending cuts to x-ray departments and clinics should help the government invest more in long term care facilities for the elderly, such as the one the nurse in St. John’s complained about being under-resourced and under-staffed. Oram hopes that the cuts will ultimately finances the creation of a long term care facility for the elderly in Lewisporte.

To critics, Oram has answered, “People would like to have every service in their backyard. Everybody would like a hospital in their home town.” But he advises the residents of Newfoundland and Labrador to try to be more realistic about their expectations: “there’s only so much money to go around,” Oram said.

The Future of Elder Care in Newfoundland and Labrador

Given the cuts in health care spending in Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the comments made by the nursing home nurse from St. John’s, retirees might think twice about retiring in Newfoundland and Labrador. As part of their planning for their golden years, those nearing retirement age and their families should carefully consider the type of health care services available to them within their communities. Where health care is not adequate to meet the long term care needs of seniors and elders, Canadians might consider retiring elsewhere.

Effects of Caregiver Stress; Oakville, Ontario

Monday, September 28th, 2009

Because of the baby boom generation, Canada’s median age is about to increase by quite a bit. In fact, by the year 2020, a full 20% of people living in most provinces in Canada will be over the age of 65. While these aging baby boomers will be healthier, more active, and live longer than their parents’ generation, nonetheless they will face the same problems that the elderly have always faced: they will gradually become physically weaker, cognitively weaker, and require long term care from their families or from a long term care facility.

Who are Canada’s Caregivers?

Most long term care for our elders still happens within the family. A recent survey discovered that nearly 2.5 million Canadians older than 45 are primary caregiver for an elderly family member or close friend. Of these caregivers, the majority are women (about 60%), and those most often cared for are parents or parents-in-law.

Caregiving Takes a Toll

Caring for elderly loved ones is not easy. About 53% of Canadians over the age of 65 have a severe to moderate disability. Caring for someone with these sorts of needs, while simultaneously caring for oneself and one’s own family, can lead to a great deal of stress for the caregivers. More than two-thirds of the women who care for an elderly loved one also hold down a job, while nearly 80% of men who are caregivers hold down a job.

Valinda Woods of Oakville, ON, knows what this is like. A teaching assistant in Oakville, Woods has a 90 year old father with Alzheimer’s disease who lives in his own home because he refuses to leave his house of 55 years for a long term care facility. Woods frequently leaves her job for an extended lunch in order to run errands for her father and check on him. While Woods has a very understanding employer, she wonders what would happen if her employing was less sympathetic to her plight, or if she had the sort of job that required her to be in the classroom all day.

Recognizing the Signs of Caregiver Stress

Here are a few of the signs of caregiver stress, as listed by the Alzheimer Society of Canada:

- Withdrawing socially from interacting with friends or participating in hobbies.
- Anxiety and depression.
- Exhaustion coupled with sleeplessness.
- Lack of concentration.
- Weight gain, weight loss, or increased susceptibility to sickness.

If you notice these sorts of symptoms of stress in your own life, reach out to a support group or advocacy group to help you find creative ways to cope.

The Cost of Getting Older in Canada

Monday, September 28th, 2009

Right now, 4 million Canadians are over the age of 65. By 2026, that number will double to 8 million Canadians. The aging population will doubtless take a costly economic toll on individuals, families, and the nation as a whole. Exactly what costs are associated with getting older in Canada, and what should aging baby boomers do to slow that cost?

Plan Ahead

The retirement years are another phase of life, just like entering university or taking that first step into one’s career. And just like entering the job market for the first time required preparation and planning well in advance, our senior years also require good advanced planning. Planning out the costs of your retirement should start five or even ten years in advance.

As a rule of thumb, expect to need about 70% of your pre-retirement income in your retirement years. In New Brunswick, one senior offers the advice to try to live on that 70% of your income now, before you are retired, just to get a feeling for what it will be like to live without that extra 30%.

Going into retirement debt-free is also a very good idea. This may require some creative living in the years before retirement, as those in their forties and fifties may need to downsize in order to achieve the goal of being debt-free by 65.

Canada Pension and Old Age Security

At the age of 65, Canadians can receive a maximum of $844.58 per month from the Canada Pension (CPP). You can access your CPP before the age of 65, but you should be aware that it is taxable.

Old Age Security (OAS) also activates at 65. The standard Old Age pension is $484.63, but low-income pensioners can also apply to receive additional help.

Economic Help for Seniors in British Columbia

Each province also has its own programs to help seniors afford to enjoy a high standard of living even as their yearly income decreases. In British Columbia, these include:

- Shelter Aid for Elderly Renters (SAFER) helps low to moderate income seniors continue to afford their rent.
Sales Tax Credit, which seniors can apply for to save money each year on their taxes.
The CareCard for Seniors entitles seniors to save on prescriptions and other medical expenses.
Anyone who receives Income Assistance in BC, including seniors who receive the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), are eligible to receive a bus pass that costs only $45 for the entire year.

Thanks to programs like this in British Columbia and throughout Canada, seniors can retire with a measure of confidence that they will be able to afford those “golden years”.

Alzheimer’s Care Nova Scotia

Monday, September 28th, 2009

Alzheimer’s Care in Nova Scotia

Helena “Heli” Munroe earned her Ph.D. in cognitive psychology, with her specialty in Alzheimer’s disease. But this didn’t protect Dr. Munroe from succumbing to Alzheimer’s herself. Originally from the UK, Heli Munroe and her husband Alasdair lived in Nova Scotia. As her descent into Alzheimer’s began, the two lived near Fisherman’s Memorial Hospital, where she received most of her therapy.

But in 2005, something quite unusual happened. Dr. Munroe was taken by her brother to England, because he claimed that she was very unhappy in Nova Scotia. Her husband was shocked by his brother-in-law’s action, and accused him of kidnapping his wife. Mr. Munroe was even more shocked when he realized he did not have legal guardianship over the woman whose rapid cognitive decline was made it impossible to make clear her own wishes about where she wanted to live and with whom.

While for Mr. Munroe the action was kidnapping, for Heli’s family it was rescuing. The family accused Alasdair Munroe of domestic abuse, which he vehemently denied. Some nurses who worked with Heli Munroe did suggest that Mr. Munroe’s behavior was sometimes concerning, and even more concerning was the couple’s estranged son living in a remote area of British Columbia, who claimed he had seen his father choking his mother before. But friends of the family – including Heli Munroe’s doctors – supported Munroe’s rebuttal of the accusations.

Meanwhile, Heli Munroe could not speak for herself.

Finally, in the fall of 2009, Heli Munroe’s ashes returned to her husband in Nova Scotia. Over the summer, Dr. Heli Munroe had slipped into a coma and died of Alzheimer’s. Just as he had fought for the return of his wife, he also fought to have her ashes returned. This battle, he won. But it is a bittersweet victory.

Who Can Make Decisions About Alzheimer’s Care?

The family feud over Heli Munroe underscored a need for clearer laws regarding care for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, both in Nova Scotia and throughout Canada. Specifically, does the spouse or the family speak for the individual with Alzheimer’s by default?

For more information regarding care for elders with Alzheimer’s in Nova Scotia, a good place to start is the Alzheimer Society of Nova Scotia. An advocacy and support group for people with Alzheimer’s and their family, their website makes it easy to find resources on the latest research on Alzheimer’s disease, as well as links to services for people living with Alzheimer’s in Nova Scotia.

Commentary on Government Funding for Long Term Care

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009


Seniors are living longer than ever before in Canada, and as the baby boomers start to hit age 65 in the next few years, the “baby boom” generation will become the “elder boom” generation. Right now, seniors represent about 12.5% of the Canadian population; by 2021, they will represent closer to 20%, or one out of every five Canadians.

Already, health expenditures for seniors are disproportionately large to the senior population. Although seniors are only 12.5% of the population, they account for 42.8% of the total health care expenditures. Alzheimer’s alone costs Canada nearly $4 billion per year, and by 2031 the number of Canadians with dementia is expected to double. Furthermore, while the cost of caring for elders is relatively reasonable for those elders younger than 85, once seniors pass the 85 year mark, the cost of care more than doubles. This is a point of concern, as more and more seniors are living longer. In fact, by the year 2056, the number of seniors above the age of 80 is expected to triple – from one in thirty seniors to one in ten.

If you are a government minister, looking at these cost figures will make you swallow hard.

The Canadian government has not paid particularly much for long term care for its most elderly citizens. Access to government-funded nursing homes is challenging; wait lists can be up to two years long, but the care itself does not have a particularly good reputation. Meanwhile, most private long term care facilities are unaffordable for most families, costing anywhere from $40,000 to $70,000 per year. Public and non-profit nursing homes are certainly more affordable, but recent government spending cuts have made even these long term care facilities unaffordable or close to unaffordable.

It is fair to say that the Canadian health care system is in a state of crisis. It is easy to see that the aging population will put even greater stress on the health care system, and funding long term care for seniors in Canada will grow harder by the year.

What does the future hold for government funding for long term care in Canada? Will the government have no choice but to create a more privatized system of health care delivery – which has proven to be both costly and inefficient in the United States? Or will the government and its people find a creative solution for the ever-increasing cost of caring for seniors? Time will tell. In the meantime, caregivers of seniors in Canada (and soon-to-be-seniors) should live by one golden rule: use preventive methods to keep your elders in as good shape as possible, because by the time they develop chronic diseases, funding for them might no longer be available.

Caregiver Trends in Canada

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009

As we know, the Canadian population is aging quite rapidly. By 2020, one out of every five people in most provinces will be above the age of 65. Compare that figure to today’s, in which close to one out of ten people are seniors. Furthermore, not only will their be more senior citizens in Canada, they will be older than ever before. Because life expectancy is increasing, the proportion of older seniors (80 years and older) will more than triple by 2056 from one in thirty to one in ten.

Who will take care of all these aging baby boomers? In some cases, seniors will move to long term care facilities. In other cases, they will stay in their homes for quite some time, getting help from a home health provider or similar service. But for most Canadians, the tradition of children looking after their aging parents remains the most likely option for these seniors.

Who are Canada’s Caregivers?

Over 2.5 million Canadians who are 45 years or older are the primary caregiver for an elder or senior. About 75% of all caregivers are between the ages of 45 and 64. The remaining 25% of caregivers are seniors themselves – 16% are younger seniors between 65 and 74, while 8% of caregivers are 75 and older. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the majority of these caregivers are women – about 60%. While most Canadians are caring for close family members (see below), a third of caregivers are caring for a friend, an extended family member, or a neighbor.

Who is Cared for in Canada?

Most Canadian caregivers are caring for an aging family member; 70% of all caregivers care for family. Of these family members, 60% of them are elderly parents or parent-in-laws. A minority of caregivers (less than 10%) provide care for their spouse, but some researchers suspect this number may actually be higher, because caregivers tend to under report caring for spouses. In particular, aging wives tend to care for aging husbands but do not report it as caregiving.

Because men tend to die at a younger age than women, the majority of elders receiving long term care from a caregiver are women. In particular, the most common situation for a caregiver in Canada is to care for an elderly mother or mother-in-law.

As Canadians age, long term caregiving will be more and more common. As caregivers pay their own toll of exhaustion and emotional hardship in caring for their elderly loved ones, Canadians should start planning now for how they plan to provide care for their aging relatives and friends.

Alzheimer’s Care

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009

Robbing elders of their personality, their memory, and their independence, Alzheimer’s disease is one of the cruelest diseases of old age. As if the cruelty of the disease itself weren’t enough, caring for a senior citizen suffering from Alzheimer’s is difficult and expensive. In 1994, the net cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients in Canada was nearly $4 billion. Today, the Alzheimer Society of Canada estimates that this figure has risen to $5.5 billion. As the population ages, this number will only increase.

What about the individual cost of care of seniors with Alzheimer’s in Canada? A study in 2006 in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that the average cost to caregivers of elders with Alzheimer’s was almost $1,300 per month. And as Alzheimer’s patients gradually suffered more from the disease, this cost went up by $30 per month for every one point increase in the patient’s MMSE score.

Slowing the Progression of the Disease is Also Cost-Effective

Because the cost of caring for an elder with Alzheimer’s disease increases as his or her mental state deteriorates, slowing the progress of the disease is not just good health policy but also good economic policy.

The drug Rivastigmine (also known as Exelon) is one fairly common pharmaceutical treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. A 1997 study that appeared in the journal Clinical Therapeutics found that Rivastigmine saved $0.45 per day after six months, and as much as $6.44 per day after two years.

Future Factors in the Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease

In 2007, 88 year-old Sydney Salter, who suffered from dementia, wandered away from his retirement home and died in a parking lot from hypothermia. When Alberta judge Ronald Jacobson studied the case, one suggestion he offered was to study the possibility of putting GPS tracking ankle bracelets onto elders suffering from Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia.

Some think the judge’s suggestion is a sound one. Others balk, including Mary Anne Jablonski, who is Alberta’s minister of seniors and community. In an interview with the CBC News, she compared the idea to George Orwell’s book 1984, in which Big Brother was always watching. The Alzheimer Society of Canada fears that ankle bracelets will only further escalate the costs associated with Alzheimer’s.

Studies suggest that a careful look at the cost-effectiveness of different Alzheimer’s treatments have not yet been explored. As the Canadian baby boom generation enters their twilight years, such an exploration is certainly necessary.

Long Term Care Corner; What are we all about?

Tuesday, August 4th, 2009

Welcome to longtermcarecorner.com. The purpose of this website is to provide easy access to information about government run long term care services, long term care insurance, costs related to providing long term care and information on private care providers. The information found on our site was compiled by a list of professionals across many disciplines within the long term care sector. As more and more people find themselves in the position of managing the care of a parent, relative, friend or one’s self; the need for information is imminent, yet while there is an urgency to find the requisite information, the information can sometimes be difficult to find and even harder to decipher.
Our team’s goal was to make all information related to long term care readily accessible, while at the same time making it easy to understand.
The current government funded long term care system is designed to provide adequate and minimal care, and unfortunately, this trend looks like it will continue. In this environment, there are other options that people can use outside of the current system;however these options can be quite costly. For those who are currently in this position, you now have a resource for help. For those looking to plan ahead, you will find useful information on potential care costs and strategies to hedge these costs through long term care insurance.
This site caters to the mass, please check back with us often to see what new information we have to offer, share your stories or join a discussion.

We look forward of being of service to you.

The longtermcarecorner.com Team

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